Furnace in which industrial residues are burnt.



I L. FELIZAT. FURNACE IN WHICH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES ARE BURNT.

APPLIUATION FILED APR.19, 1911. 1,078,038. Patented Nov. 11, 1913.

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FURNACE IN WHICH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES ARE BURNT.

APPLICATION FILED APRJB, 1911.

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L. FELIZAT.

FURNACE IN WHIGH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES ARE BURNT. APPLICATION IILED APR. 19, 1911.

'Patented Nov; '11, 1913.

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' UNITED STATES LOUIS rnLIzAr, or SALON, FRANCE.

FURNACE IN WHICH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES ARE BURNT.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 11, 1913.

Application filed April 19, 1911, Serial No. 622,022.

To, all, whom it may concern Be it known that I, LOUIS FiiLrzA'r, a citizen of the French Republic, residing at Salon, Bouches-du-Rhone, France, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Furnaces in Which Industrial Residues are Burnt, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in furnacesin which industrial residues are burned, such as the residuum of olives, nut-shells, sawdust, wood saw-dust, shells and other woody substances for the purpose of obtaining wood-charcoal or charcoal-dust. A furnace of this kind is described in the French Patent No. 409,916 of the 1st March 1909. The rapidity, however, with which these substances burn when, thrown into a receptacle brought to a certain temperature, necessitates considerable dexterity in charging the furnace, and above all in discharging from the furnace the wood-charcoal produced which tends to obstruct it very quickly, since, in the arrangement as actually known, the discharging 1S carried out in a furnace with several com- 'partments by stopping the different com- 1 bered, that the charcoal-dust formed, if it falls too rapidly on the sole plates, still con tains a relatively important percentage of volatile substances, which on the one hand, diminishes the efliciency of'the furnace as a heating apparatus and on the other hand, diminishes the capability of the charcoaldust produced to be employed in the different possible applications. Finally, the circulation of air in the furnace should be carefully supervised, for when the charcoaldust'brought to a red heat and freed. from its volatile contents is brought into contact with a strongv current of air it is instantly transformed into scoria.

The present invention has for its object improvements as regards these three considerations which relate to an automatic action in feeding the combustible substances to the furnace, to the regulation of the descent of the combustible substances and to the discharge of the charcoal-dust, which automatic action isessential if it is desired to obtain a really commercialworking of the furnace with a inaximum yield. The furnace comprising the means by which this triple automaticaction is obtained is represented in the-accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the furnace according to one construe tional method, this section being made along the line II of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on-the line II-II of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal. section on the line III-III of Fig. 2. Fig.4 is a View in vertical transverse'section of a modification of said furnace into which the material to be treated is charged by blowing and Fig. 5 is a similar view of another modification of the said furnace designed more particularly for treatment of material As will be seen from nace is divided into two compartments though a less or greater number may be pro.- vided. Each compartment is divided into three parts A, B. C.; the first part A or upper chamber forms the combustion chamber; it is into this chamber that the air passes and in which the volatile products contained in the residues are driven off.

of uniform density. 5 the figures, the fur-.

The secondpart B, situated below, is subj ected owing to its position to the strong transporting action of the upper current of hot combustion gases and where the residues freed from their volatile contents are here carbonized and transformed-into charcoaldust. Finally, in the third part G or lower portion is provided the apparatus by which, the quenching and discharging of the charcoal-dust is effected. This having been explained, it is apparent, from the figures, how the triple automatic action aforementioned is effected. The material (industrial residues) is passed along the whole length of a hopper 1 divided into several compartments and traversed along its axis by a shaft 2 to which any suitable motor transmits, by any suitable method of transmission a uni-form movement of rotation ,on this common shaft are mounted, in eac compartment Archimedean screw members 3, 3, 3", 4, 4, 4 I

of'opposite twist, so as to distribute the material and feed it up to the charging shafts 5, 5,,5, in which are separating partitions or gates 6, 6, 6". In these shafts turn vertical screws 7, 7 7 operated by pinion transmission 8, 9, 8, 9, S", 9", or by any other suitable method of transmission; these screws feed the material methodically, prevent irregular descent and feed it up to the arch of the furnace. This arrangement assures the distribution and the automatic feeding of the material to the height of the charging openings formed in the vault; these openings are three in number on .the drawing but the number may evidently be variable according to the particular conditions of the furnace. The material having thus been brought to the top ofthe arch 'it is necessary, as has been explained, to

regulate the descent; for this purpose the chamber A is provided with two superposed plates 10, 11 each constituted by two longitudinal slabs forming between them a more or less open dihedral angle. The slabs 10 are jointed along the edge of the angle which they form and which opens toward the bottom of the furnace; their opposite edges 12,

12 do not touch the wall of the furnace, the space left free serving for the passage of the material which has fallen on the edge .of the dihedral angle and descends on each side, on to the inclined'planes 10, 10 with a rapidity which is proportional to the inclination of these planes. The slabs 11, 11, which meet the wall of the furnace, do not join at the apex 13, of the dihedral which they form and which opens toward the upper part of the furnace; the material falling through the openings -12, 12 slides therefore along follows from this that by suitably regulating thus the slope of the slabs 10, 10 and 11, 11 as well as the, section of the'openings 15, the descent of the residues can be regulated automatically in such a manner that the combustion of their volatile contents shall be absolutely complete. 1

The second chamber B is limited in height by the slabs 11, 11, and at the bottom by an arch 16 of a section practically semi-circular, the convexity of which is turned toward the top of the furnace; it is in this chamber and retained on this arch during a suitable time that the residues are converted into charcoal-dust.

Between thev edges of the arch and the Whatever may vent the too rapid descent of the charcoaldust; finally, after this latterdescent, which is automatically regulated, the charcoal-dust reaches the endless conveyer 19 which may be an Archimedean screw provided at the bottom of the contracted section of thefurnace.

It will be seen that the automatic regulation of the rapidity of descent is effected by the combination of slabs or arches forming a slope, transversely, the inclination of this slope being suitable to the nature of the residues to be burnt. In the generality of cases there is an advantage in adopting a slope of 35; this is completed by the division of the whole furnace into three chambers, one in which active combustion takes place, one for carbonization, and one for quenching (for the purpose of discharging). It is possible, further, without departing from the present invention, and when it is a question of treating material of low density, to adopt the modification of the method of carrying the invention into effect which is shown in cross section on Fig. t. In orderto give greater rapidity of descent to the light materials the retaining device of the chamber A has been reduced to a single arch; this arch 20 may have the shape of the arch 16 in the first three figures, and it can also be constituted by a series of slabs 20 disposed transversely in the furnace, separated one from the other and either perforated or not with openings 21. The second chamber 13 is then limited by the arch 20 and by a similar arch 22 in which the holes 23 form a battle with the openings 21. The chamber C is then similar to that I in the first three figures; the baffles may always however be replaced by steps formed on the inclined portion 24 of the walls of the oven.

Consider further in the present invention the modification shown in cross section in Fig. 5 This modification provides for the case in which it is necessary to treat very light combustible substances, all the parts of which have the same density (saw-dust). In this case, a rapid and irregular descent of the material to be treated is less to be feared; on the other hand the combustion of the volatile substances takes place almost instantaneously. It is possible, therefore, to omit the carbonizing chamber by employing the method of planes simply inclined to the base of the combustion chamber. The carbonization is then carried out on the inclined walls 25, 25 of the furnace and on the sole plate with the double slope 26; the

charcoal-dust then falls through the longitudinal channels 27 into the chamber C from which it is discharged in the manner already described.

be the method adapted of carrying the invention into effect, the operathe second chamber, a waste gas discharge I I tion is carried out by heat ng the furnace to a red heat; the charging for the starting of the furnace is then carried out through the charging doors 28, which, of course, are closed during the normal working of the furnace. As regards the method of charging during working it may be remarked that that previously described and shown on'the first threefigures would give the maximum advantage, but that, ,in certain installations, the charging need not take place over the whole length of the arch, but only through one or more openings such as 29 (Fig. 4) a wheel provided with blades, or a ventilator, fed from a charging hopper can then force the material to be burnt to the upper portion of the chamber A.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to he performcd, I declare that what I claim is:

1. A furnace for carbonizing waste materials such as nut-shells, saw dust and the like comprising an upper combustion chamber, a lower cooling chamber and an intermediate ca-rbonizing chamber, said combustion chamber being provided with conveyer means feeding waste material thereto and having an air supplyinlet, slabs or plates between the two first-named chambers downwardly and inwardly inclined down which the material feeds from the first to outlet in the side ,wall of the carboniziug chamber, an arched floor'separating the carbonizing and cooling chambers having dis charge openings into the latter chamber and conveyer means for withdrawin the charred material fromthe last-named c amber.

2. A furnace for carbonizing waste material such as nut-shells, saw-dust and the chambers, the upper of said chambers vlike, comprising an upper combustion chamher, a lowercoolin'g chamber, andan intermediate carbonizing'chamber; said combus- 7 terials such as nut-shells, sawdust and the like, comprising a plurality of superimposed eing a combust ion chamber adapted 'tocfiect' partial combustion of the waste materials and having an air inlet and provided with means for feeding said materials into the chamber,

a carbonizing chamber below, said first chamber receiving the partiall burned materials and hot products 0 combustion therefrom,sla'bs orplates between said chambers downwardly and inwardly inclined down which the materials feed from the first to the second chamber, and a quenching chamber for receiving and discharging the charcoal. I v,

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in-the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- LOUIS FELIZAT; Witnesses:

DOMINIQUE CAsALoNoA, H. C. 001m. 

